Maurya Empire History

The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power founded by Chandragupta Maurya which dominated ancient India between c. 322 and 187 BCE. Originating from the kingdom of Magadha in the Indo-Gangetic Plain in the eastern side of the Indian subcontinent, the empire had its capital city at Pataliputra (modern Patna).[2][3] The empire was the largest to have ever existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning over 5 million square kilometres at its zenith under Ashoka.

Chandragupta Maurya raised an army and with the assistance of Chanakya (also known as Kauṭilya),[4] overthrew the Nanda Empire in c. 322 BCE and rapidly expanded his power westwards across central and western India taking advantage of the disruptions caused by the withdrawal westward of Alexander the Great's armies. By 316 BCE the empire had fully occupied Northwestern India, defeating and conquering the satraps left by Alexander.[5][unreliable source?] Chandragupta then defeated the invasion led by Seleucus I, a Macedonian general from Alexander's army, gaining additional territory west of the Indus River.[6]

The Maurya Empire was one of the largest empires of the world in its time. At its greatest extent, the empire stretched to the north along the natural boundaries of the Himalayas, to the east into Assam, to the west into Balochistan (southwest Pakistan and southeast Iran) and the Hindu Kush mountains of what is now Afghanistan.[7] The Empire was expanded into India's central and southern regions[8][9] by the emperors Chandragupta and Bindusara, but it excluded a small portion of unexplored tribal and forested regions near Kalinga (modern Odisha), until it was conquered by Ashoka.[10] It declined for about 50 years after Ashoka's rule ended, and it dissolved in 185 BCE with the foundation of the Shunga dynasty in Magadha.

Empayar Maurya adalah Zaman Besi kuasa sejarah geografi menyeluruh diasaskan oleh Chandragupta Maurya yang menguasai India kuno antara c. 322 dan 187 SM. Yang berasal dari kerajaan Magadha di Indo-Ganges Plain di bahagian timur benua kecil India, empayar mempunyai ibu kota pada Pataliputra (Patna moden). [2] [3] Empayar ini adalah yang terbesar yang pernah wujud di benua kecil India, yang merangkumi lebih 5 juta kilometer persegi pada kemuncaknya di bawah Ashoka.

Chandragupta Maurya dibangkitkan tentera dan dengan bantuan Chanakya (juga dikenali sebagai Kautilya), [4] menggulingkan Empire Nanda di c. 322 SM dan berkembang pesat kuasa-Nya ke arah barat di seluruh tengah dan barat India mengambil kesempatan daripada gangguan disebabkan oleh pengeluaran ke arah barat Alexander tentera the Great. Oleh 316 SM empayar mempunyai diduduki sepenuhnya Northwestern India, mengalahkan dan menakluk wakil-wakil yang ditinggalkan oleh Alexander. [5] [sumber tidak boleh dipercayai?] Chandragupta kemudian mengalahkan pencerobohan yang diketuai oleh Seleucus I, seorang jeneral Macedonian daripada tentera Alexander, mendapat wilayah tambahan barat Sungai Indus. [6]

Empayar Maurya adalah salah satu empayar terbesar di dunia pada masa itu. Perluasan terbesarnya, empayar itu menjangkau ke utara di sepanjang sempadan semulajadi Himalaya, ke timur ke dalam Assam, di sebelah barat ke Balochistan (barat daya Pakistan dan tenggara Iran) dan pergunungan Hindu Kush yang kini Afghanistan. [7 ] Kerajaan ini berkembang ke kawasan tengah dan selatan India [8] [9] oleh maharaja Chandragupta dan Bindusara, tetapi ia tidak termasuk sebahagian kecil daripada kawasan puak dan hutan yang belum diterokai berhampiran Kalinga (Odisha moden), sehingga ia telah ditawan oleh Ashoka. [ 10] Ia merosot kira-kira 50 tahun selepas pemerintahan Ashoka berakhir, dan ia dibubarkan dalam 185 BCE dengan asas dinasti Shunga di Magadha.